The contemporary American medical industry

The contemporary American medical industry feels the lack of those, who directly take care of the patients and satisfy most of the patients’ needs. The thing is that there are not enough nurses in the American hospitals and clinics due to the small salaries and the lack of perspectives for the career development the registered nurses have. Fortunately, in the last decade numerous shows appeared which create a positive image of nursing and encourage young people to choose it as their career. The ER was one of the first TV series which took this mission. There were several remarkable actors who played nurses in this show, but the most remembering is Julianne Margulies' character, Carol Hathaway, the head nurse in the Emergency Room. There also were several nurses on the second roles. Carol, the head nurse, was often shown at leading roles in the ER series. She was always on duty to save the patients and to assist the doctors. The ER displays Carol and other nurses working directly with the patients, fulfilling their professional chores. In this show nurses are shown providing nursing care to the patients, but it is also noted that sometimes these medical practitioners have to make the decisions and fulfil functions that are out of their professional competence. In scenes with physicians, where other nurses take part, those are the doctors who do most of the talking, but when Carol Hathaway is aired it is her who talks the most. She always has her own opinion about the issues discussed, and she is ready to stand for her viewpoint. In the ER lots of episodes with doctors and nurses are aired, and the who is deciding what help the patient actually needs depends on the personality of the doctor and of the nurse. Of course, usually it is the doctor who guides the process, but sometimes the nurse has to take this role. Let's, for example recall Dr. Carter’s first day in the ER as a doctor. He was really scared when he got his first patient, so Carol had to fulfil his chores. In the ER it was shown that both man and women are good in the nursing career. There were more female nurses of course, but the male ones also were present. The age of nurses shown in the show varies from twenty to sixty something; there both are the nursing certificate program recent graduates and the aged and experienced specialists. Most of the nurses in the ER are single. Carol Hathaway is portrayed as one of the strongest and most intelligent women in the whole series. She’s strong, ambitious and intelligent, capable and eager of learning something new. Carol’s character is even stronger than most of the doctors who work with her have; but she’s an exception, as most nurses are shown as less ambitious and, more light-headed. Most of them have time for activities besides their job, so they seem little touched by the problems that happen in the hospital. Thus the personality traits depicted in Julianna Margulies’ character, Carol are shown as abnormal for the person of her occupation. Carol Hathaway’s values change as she’s developing personally and professionally through the series. At the beginning serving people, saving them is the most significant for her, but with the time passing we notice that Carol becomes more and more ambitious, she longs for recognition and scholarship. In the same time the other nurses long for various things – most of them still feel that their work is of greatest importance and try to fulfill their chores as drudgingly as possible, but there are also some nurses who just want to sit and do nothing. Most nurses are shown as less intelligent and ambitious than the doctors are. In the ER the nurses aren’t portrayed in sexually demeaning terms, it's rather they are evaluated on the basis of their professionalism and excellence. Of course, most of the nurses depicted are attractive, and several romantic lines appear which involve nurses. It’s interesting that in the ER nursing is not portrayed as a fulfilling career. The nurses are complaining that the doctors underevaluate them, and in the middle of the series Carol decides to continue her education for to get the doctor’s diploma. Despite of that, the job of a nurse is shown as quite an interesting and exciting one, but in the same time very tiring and demanding. In the ER the profession of a nurse is shown as a deficit and exciting one, but it is also said that the doctors are superior to the nurses, and that the nurses have few opportunities for the career development. Reference â€Å"ER† (1994) TV-Series 1994-. Retrieved October 1, 2005 from the IMDB website. ; http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108757/ ; ER. About the Show. (2005). Retrieved October 1, 2005 from the NBC website. ; http://www.nbc.com/ER/about/index.htm

Observational Learning

There are a number of places where toddlers could be observed unobtrusively – at the park , the playground , the mall , and the daycare center . For the purpose of this study , however , I chose to go to the park and observe parents and their toddlers play together . This way , I could easily observe unobtrusively as people would think I was simply there to write or to write down my thoughts Another benefit that the park has to offer is the lack of formal structures and relationships such as those found at daycare centers .At the park , parents and toddlers could interact easily and in a relax manner . That way , the true nature of the relationship between the parents and the toddlers will be easily observed and analyzed and the understanding of the interactions between parents and children will be better understood . This then seeks to look at such a relationship by presenting direct observations from families and toddlers that visit the park in our community .I had a small n otebook with me and it is where I wrote down my observations , as well as the communication that went on between the parents and the children The toddlers that I observed were approximately between 16 to 30 months old and appeared to be pampered by care by their parents . One the toddlers belong to an Asian-American racial stock while the other one to an American family .Although the parents brought strollers with them the toddlers were walking and occasionally carried by their parents Both of the families of the toddlers seem to belong to the middle class Notably , the second toddler belongs to a mother without a father Although the author could not exactly know whether she is a single parent or not , at least based on the observation at the park , the mother does not have any other company in visiting the park Both toddlers appear to be enamored with their surroundings .They do notice the colors in the park and usually exclaim in delight when they see a butterfly or a bird . Appar ently , they are already starting to recognize some of the features of the environment and their understanding of what they are is already being formed in the minds of the young kids Toddler 1 The first toddler I observed is male . He displayed curiosity in his surroundings . While they were walking in the park , to the way where the family will sit down for an afternoon snack , the toddler was picking up sticks and leaves on the ground .He raised them to his eyes and offered them to his parents . The mother accepted the offer from the toddler and said that it was a leaf . She explained further that the leaf grows on the branch , which the toddler dutifully picked up and offered to her mother again . When the mother pronounced leaf ‘ and branch , the toddler also spoke up and attempted to pronounce the same words A child is very much curious and interested in his surroundings . As part of his cognitive development , he notices the shapes , colors , and different sensations and wonders he encounter in his world .Even at such a young age , he is also being initiated into the process of socialization where he learns the views of his parents and of the larger society where he is located (Turner , 1991 . The child , according to Piaget ‘s theory actively uses his senses to explore his environment and learn about them . Through the use of his senses , he is able to discern relationships among the actions he take and the behavior of the objects that he is viewing (Turner , 1991 Both the component of nature and nurture are at work in this seemingly simple process that the child is going through .He uses his eyes , his ears , his nose , and his whole body to discover the world and learn how it works . His efforts , because they are yet insufficient , are supplemented by his parents , more particularly by his mother , who tells him the names of objects and how they are being referred to in the world Through the explanation of the mother about the nature of t he relationship between leaves and branches , the child is then able to look at the relationship of different objects in his environment albeit in an incomplete fashion .The explanation of the mother regarding the relationship of leaves and branches may not be sufficient for the child to understand the relationship because most of the knowledge of a child advances through his actions and his interpretation about the consequences of the actions he make (Franz White , 1985 Notably , the toddler was now engaging in eye-to-eye contact with his parents and occasionally asks them for what he wants . His father brought out a ball that the toddler apparently loved playing with .The father and the child started playing with the ball – they played catch , and sometimes they would race together to get the ball first . The toddler was delighted with such play with his father . Although this is the case the child would also look at his mother and he asked her to come and join them . This is consistent with the theory of Erikson , which holds that the child ‘s relationship with his mother is perhaps the most important one during this stage of development (Franz White , 1985 The child continued to play with the ball and when he saw other children in the park , he also went to them and offered to play the ball with them .Apparently , toddler one has good socialization skills to the point that he can mingle with other kids even when his parents are around This points to the good relationship that the child is enjoying with his parents . Both his parents encouraged him to play with other children and watched him with other kids . True enough , when the child has strong relationships with his parents , he tends to be more socially responsive and socially amiable . In accordance with Psychosocial theorists , the child is displaying good emotional and social skills because his own relationship with his parents are also good and secure .Otherwise , he might become a re cluse and refuse the company of people (Charlesworth 2003 When Toddler one was playing ball with another child , there was an instance in which the other child managed to grab the ball more quickly than toddler one , so what he did was to forcibly claim the ball from his playmate and withheld it from the latter . Through this , the other child looked as if he was about to cry . It is at this moment that the mother of Toddler one intervened .The mother reasoned out firmly with the toddler in regards to sharing toys so that others would also learn how to share . The tone of the mother appeared to be negotiating instead of imposing . This display of authority on the part of the mother is remarkable and shows the secure connection between her and the child (Charlesworth , 2003 Toddler Two When I felt that I have sufficiently observed toddler one , I decided to turn my attention to another toddler playing with a dog not very far from the first toddler . The only companion of the toddler in the park is his mother and their Labrador .I had the impression , although this is difficult to verify , that the mother was a single parent The mother was silently looking after her child who was playing with the Labrador . Apart from the toy truck and the Frisbee that the child had there were no other toys that the mother had for the child . The mother appeared to be preoccupied with her own thoughts When toddler was not busy with his toy truck , he would play with the Frisbee and the dogs with the strength and the capability that he has The dog seems to act as a guard to the toddler . He does not socialize with other kids very much and he appears content to play by himself .The toddler , it seems is spending most of the time by himself . Although at first glance , this may seem to be a display of autonomy , yet in closer examination of the child , he does not enjoy the benefits that interaction with other kids and with his parent brings . These circumstances will therefore bri ng forth negative consequences in the development of the social skills of the child and he might find it difficult to relate with other people when he grows up (Keenan , 2002 When the child attempts to play farther from his mother , the latter would come after him and tell him not to move around too much .The mother actually uses her authority over the child to forbid him from going somewhere else . Apparently , the mother wants to keep the child in her sight most of the time . This kind of attitude might breed negative feelings in the child and will contribute to the insecurity of their relationship . Since the relationship of the child with his mother is of utmost importance (Charlesworth , 2003 , then his cognitive , emotional and social development will suffer as a consequence . The child also develops a kind of mistrust in the outside world and he will not view the outside world as a safe place .Instead , he might develop the attitude that he always needs his mother to look aft er him . Erikson warned against this over-protectiveness of parents as it prohibits children to explore and become curious of their environment . Hence instead of developing self-confidence and self-esteem , toddler two will instead feel shame and doubt (Franz White , 1985 Toddler two cried when his mother forbade him to wander into the park When the child cried , the mother responded by being firmer and she almost shouted to toddler two to stop . Instead of stopping , however toddler cried even louder and displayed tantrums .At this time , the mother punished toddler two by spanking him three times . After several minutes , toddler two stopped crying and remained where he was instead This display of authority may become inimical to the overall development of the child over the long run as the initiative and the natural curiosity of the child will be dampened and what he will remember most will be the fear associated with the parent ‘s discipline (Charlesworth 2003 Toddler two recovered from the spanking after several minutes by turning his attention to the dog and his Frisbee .By distracting himself , he forgot about the incident and started to enjoy himself again . His mother , however , still issued a warning for him not to move out of her sight ‘ According to Erikson , if the urge of the child to explore is removed , then the result would be a lower level of self-esteem on the part of the child (Franz White , 1985 Toddler two is very much to her mother , however , he is not sufficiently developing autonomy .Through the reprimands and the stern warnings of his mother , he becomes dependent on his mother and unable to explore his environment and his surroundings . Over the course of time as he discovers the world further , he may not have sufficient curiosity and initiative to move away from the familiar and instead , he would keep in sight of whoever is looking after him Conclusion Observing the two toddlers was a good experience for me . It was as if the concepts and theories discussed by Piaget and Erikson were coming to life .Indeed the role of the parents is very crucial in ensuring that a child receives the appropriate socialization and training even while he is young . The strength of the attachment of a child with his parents is very important for him to develop the necessary skills for socialization and in relating with others in his environment If the relationship of a child with his parents is good as demonstrated by the first toddler I observed , then the child will greatly benefit from it .If , however , the nature of the relationship bs on the dysfunctional , then the socialization skills of the child will be negatively affected . As he grows up , he will have struggles in relating with different kinds of people in his environment By observing toddlers , numerous lessons can be gleaned and the nature of the relationship between child and parents will be assessed Accordingly , intervention strategies could be a rrived at so that the child will not suffer needlessly .Furthermore , parents , and everyone dealing with children , should be sensitive to the different levels of development of the child as demonstrated by Piaget and Erikson . By doing so , perhaps the manner of bringing up of children will be better and over the long run , the society will become a better one because of the good rearing of the children Reference Charlesworth , R (2003 . Understanding Child Development : For Adults WhoWork With Young Children . New York : Thomson Delmar Learning Franz , C . E White , K . M (1985 . Individuation and attachment in personality development : Extending Erikson ‘s theory . Journal of Personality , 53 (2 , 224-256 Keenan , T (2002 . An Introduction to Child Development . London : Sage Publications Turner , . J (1991 . Relations between Attachment , Gender , and Behavior with Peers in Preschool . Child Development , 62 (6 , 1475-1488

Without Efficient States, Productive Activity, and a High Level of Glo Literature review

Without Efficient States, Productive Activity, and a High Level of Globalization Would Be Impossible - Literature review Example Thus, the job of a coal miner in Britain might depend on events in South Africa or Poland as much as on local management or national government decisions. Although the notion does not just refer to global interconnectedness. Globalisation 'is best understood as expressing fundamental aspects of time-space distancing. Globalisation concerns the intersection of presence and absence, the interlacing of social events, and social relations "at a distance" with local contextualities' (Giddens 1991:21). David Harvey (1989:240), too, refers to the fact that globalisation describes our changing experience of time and space or 'time-space compression'. According to Jessop, phenomena firmly within an ontologically broader context of capitalist socio-economic and sociopolitical restructuring, in order to ascertain exactly how they intervene in power struggles over this restructuring. This would be in order to clarify whether or not these interventions are contingent or can be attributed to objective necessities. In this context, it makes no sense to postulate 'the market' and 'the state' axiomatically against one another, since the two really presuppose one another (Jessop 1997:50-52). Hence and indeed following Jessop, (Magnus Ryner; 2002: 101) suggest that we pose the question of globalisation with reference to the manner in which:(a) socio-economic orders become materially reproduced (or not) through the configuration of a regime of accumulation and mode of regulation;(b) Potential and tendential social conflicts are 'managed' (or not)-that is, how they are mediated, regulated, and neutralised-through socially embedded authority structures; (c) This order is (or is not) 'normalized' and stabilized through the articulation of the terms of legitimacy which engenders the social order with a stable 'consensual' 'mass base';(d) Questions (a), (b) and (c) interrelate to form (or not) a Gramscian historic bloc or sets of interacting historic blocs. The elating trade barriers, liberalization of capital markets, as well as speedy technical development, particularly in the fields of information technology, transport, and telecommunications, have infinitely improved and hasten the faction of people, information, possessions, and resources. In the same way, they have as well expanded the variety of issues which spread out the boundaries of nation-States necessitating international median setting and directive and, consequently, conference and formal discussions on a global or district scale. numerous of the tribulations distressing the world today such as poverty, ecological pollution, financial crises, organized crime and terror campaign - are ever more transnational in nature, and cannot be a pact with simply at the national level, nor by State to State negotiations.Immense economic, as well as social interdependence, seems to influence national decision-making processes in two essential ways. It calls for a transfer of decisions to the worldwide level and, due to an increase in the stipulate for participation it as well needs numerous decisions to be relocated to confined levels of government.Thereby, globalization requires multifaceted decision-making processes, which occurs at diverse levels, explicitly sub-national, national, and global, paving the way to an emergent multi-layered structure of power.

Use of Video in Secondary Science Education Research Paper

Use of Video in Secondary Science Education - Research Paper Example Use of Video in Secondary Science Education Use of video projects in a classroom environment is one of the most effective ways to ensure that students get the required content. This is because it involves a hands-on approach where the students use theory that they have learnt to create their own videos, however the tools that the students use will determine how effective they will be in creating their own videos. The most efficient tools that students can use in video creation In choosing the most effective video creation tools that students can use, the following factors were put into consideration. One is the user friendliness of the tool where issues like easiness on the eye and navigation and the intuitiveness of the UI (Ivers & Barron, 2010). Second factor that was put in to consideration was the features that the tool contained such as assessment capability or feedback functions, another factor that was put into consideration is the limitations that come with the tools such as whether it is a WYSIWYG tool or it needs a p rogramming nous. imovie is a video editing software that is sold by Apple inc company for Mac and iOS which include iphone, ipad, ipad mini and ipod touch that was originally launched in the market in the year 1999 (Laybourne, 2009). Since 2005, imovie was designed to process high definition video from HDV camcorders and other versions of camcorders such as AVCHD camcorders and H.264 compressed video from MPEG4, to support this, the tool has undergone metamorphosis to ensure smooth integration especially with apple products. imovie HD 5 included support for HDV, which includes the 720p and 1080i, in addition, it also supported the integration with ilife suite and toolbox buttons that allow importation of images from iphoto and music from itunes. The HD 6 version, which was released in 2006 included support for iphotos, itunes, iDVD , garageband and iweb, this version was aimed at making the imovie more user-friendly as it included themes that allowed the user to drag and drop movies and photos in bac kdrops. The imovie 08 was an improvement of the previous versions of imovie as it contained better HD output and more formats in which files could be converted to. This edition however received criticism since it completely abandoned the earlier versions of imovie and features such as slow motion, fast motion, black and white options had been removed, in addition, imovie 08 could not support more than one project at a time. The imovie 09 was basically a response to the criticism the ’08 version as it restored features that the previous versions had, in addition, it also simplified some more advanced tasks such as picture to picture and chroma keying. The imovie 11 had the capability of making movie trailers, gave the user more power over the audio option, allowed immediate rerun, flash, and hold effects, new theme, face detection and the potential to watch videos on apple products. with the unveiling of the iphone, which was designed to support iOS, the apple company designed an imovie app that would be compatible with the iOS since the other products of the company were also designed to support the iOS (Maci?as, Granollers & Latorre, 2009). Animoto Animoto is an online video editing software that is easy to use among the students, a key feature of the

A clockwork orange (movie) write a critique police science class Essay

A clockwork orange (movie) write a critique police science class - Essay Example But with the withering away of these States and the great Union of Soviet republics, history has proved that any State, advocating any political philosophy can be totalitarian. Fascism is inherent in the State machinery. At the other extreme the freedom of the individual to do what ever he thinks right has to be limited too. The contradictions between the totalitarian control of the state and the individual freedom of the citizen are the thematic core of Stanley Kubrick’s film â€Å"A clockwork Orange†. The film is based on Anthony Burgess’ 1962 novel by the same name, which is a complex literary satire on crime and punishment. But it must be admitted to the credit of Kubrick that he had succeeded in reworking on the hero , the British thug and sociopath named Alex De Large , by using his own cinematically unique style of presentation of the hero. Alex De Large is a sort of an anti-hero, but is not similar to the sat upon working class anti hero, of the so called the â€Å"angry British movies† of early 1960s. Those anti-heroes had a social reason to be angry and violent. But Alex has little reason for his violence .He is violent because his mental make up is sadistic and corrupt; the only other justification can be that the people who govern and control the society are also equally corrupt and sadistic. So it becomes the easiest way for a young man to be in an economically ravaged futuristic Britain. He can just violently wander around the streets which are filled with trash. When the motives are unexplained crime can be fun. That’s what Alex, brilliantly portrayed by Malcolm McDowell who completely dominates...( read more) the feel of the character , and his gang does in the film. Alex leads a band of hooligans whom he calls â€Å"droogs†. They are ready for an expedition of violence after drinking a glass or two of the milk plus at Korova. This milk bar in Korova with fiber glass statues of naked girls used as chairs, itself

Globalisation has not reduced diversity in industrial relations Essay

Globalisation has not reduced diversity in industrial relations - Essay Example Thus there has been divergence in industrial relations in terms of labor market institutions and different approaches adopted by countries for structuring. All these facts help to support our argument that globalization has not reduced diversity in industrial relations. Globalization refers to only one connection system existing for the entire globe. Such a system can exist between commodity and capital markets and with respect to flow of information. With the emergence of globalization in the current period it can be termed as the global age (Cooper 2001). The era of globalization has allowed business houses to acquire investors from across borders and expand their businesses. Globalization has allowed countries to develop with spreading technologies and has helped to develop global capital markets (Blanpain 2009, 196). There has been internationalization of businesses mainly with promotion of international trade. But still it is found that globalization has not been that effective when it comes to industrial relations between Asian and Western countries. The strategies adopted for the industrialization and the role of the state has been different for both the type of countries. This has not let the two types of countries converge in terms of thei r industrial relations (De Silva n.d). The South Asian country, such as Malaysia, and the Western country of the United States can be cited as examples where globalization has not been able to reduce diversities that are concerned with industrial relations and has led to more divergence. The current paper tends to argue in favor of this issue through various findings and analysis. Globalization has invented and led to usage of technically advanced techniques for the countries, especially the developed countries. This has in fact led to more divergence between the developed Western countries and the

Postmodernism in the Arts, Architecture and Cinema Essay

Postmodernism in the Arts, Architecture and Cinema - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism in the Arts, Architecture and Cinema" analyzes postmodernism and gives a review of modernism. This is a driving force that enabled humans to improvise and structure their environment according to their necessities. Modernism has revolutionized each and every aspect of human being. This melioration in environment was a direct consequence of science and technology. Modernism can be best described as a movement, an optimistic movement that covers the cultural and artistic domains. This movement had come into effect in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth centuries. Modernism is a renaissance for art, architecture, music, literature, applied sciences, philosophy and so on. Modernism influenced people to substitute the existing system with an intention of achieving progress at a rapid pace that could not be achieved by the traditional means. Modernism is retrospection in arts, sciences and music in order to add a new flavor, another dimension for th e existing thought and facts. In this period the modernist thinkers rejected the traditional forms of arts and treated them as being outdated and old fashioned. The years 1890-1910 mark the beginning of modernism. A strange way of thinking crept in the minds of people who discouraged revising past knowledge for present day applications but they preferred having an entirely new set of rules that decide. Art, physics, Industrialization and social sciences had major backbone changes that challenged the traditional methods.

Race relations Act 1976. (Amended 2000) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race relations Act 1976. (Amended 2000) - Essay Example which are equivalent to those in his/her special group (Cross, 1989, p. 85). It is believed that equal opportunity in the UK may be taken in the context of the third meaning given. The Race Relations Act of 1976 changed the general concept of racial discrimination in the United Kingdom. Firstly, the Act widened its scope of discrimination by including indirect and unintentional forms of discrimination. Secondly, the Act also fortified the implementation of the law. As stipulated in its provisions, the Race Relations Act of 1976 created the Commission on Racial Equality (CRE), replacing the Race (RRB) Relations Board. In terms of substance, the CRE is endowed greater power than the RRB or the Community Relations Commission. The CRE was mandated to enforce the law in England, Scotland and Wales (Bolaffi, 2001, p. 42). A separate institution, the Commission for Racial Equality for Northern Ireland, is tasked with the implementation of the law on discrimination in Northern Ireland. By virtue of an Order in Council, the Race Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1997 was enacted to provide protection against race-related discrimination in 1995 (Rogers, 1999). The Race Relations Act of 1976 was passed on November 22, 1976. The legislation was enacted to intensify existing regulations against race-related discrimination and to guide relations between individual of different ethnic origins. The Act also introduced amendments to the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 by instituting provisions aimed towards consistency in the supervision and implementation of such amendments (Ministry of Justice 1991). The Race Relations Act of 1976 was revised by virtue of the provisions of the Race Relations (Amendment ) Act of 2000 on November 30, 2000. This 2000 amendment broadened the application of the Race Relations Act of 1976 to the police and other public authorities. The amendment also altered the stipulations for exemption under the 1976 Act

Performance Management at Jet Food Services Essay Example for Free

Performance Management at Jet Food Services Essay It is now the end of Sampada’s first year as regional manager for Jet Food Services. As regional manager, Sampada supervises a total of ten districts, each of which has a manager responsible for sales and service to customers in that area. Jet Food provides contract food services for hospitals, schools, colleges, business firms, and other institutions that need meals prepared on site but that do not wish to be responsible for operating such services. Jet Food Services hires all necessary kitchen employees, purchases all supplies, and prepares meals in accordance with specifications agreed on with customers. The district manager is responsible for coordinating all customer activities. This includes planning, budgeting, hiring and supervising Jet`s on-site representative (customer service manager), customer satisfaction, and contract renegotiations. Sampada was recruited after years of experience as director of food services for a multicampus university. In that job, she had oversight responsibility for the food services at several campuses. The Jet Food position offered an opportunity for continued growth and advancement. In her first year, Sampada has concentrated on getting to know the district managers and the customers with whom they work. She spent more than a week with each district manager and visited each customer with him or her. At this point, she feels comfortable with her job and the knowledge she has gained of both operations and personnel, and it is time to appraise the performance of the district managers and to schedule review meetings with these employees. Sampada`s assessment of Ranjan: Ranjan is the longest term district manager in Sampada’sregion. He completed less than one year of college, held several short term jobs, and then joined Jet as a shift supervisor of the company`s services at a large college. At present, he is completing twelve years of employment with Jet. He has been a district manager for three years. In working with Ranjan, Sampadahas observed his strengths, along with some problems. Ranjan has a talent for working with people, Jet employees and customers alike. In fact, in his years with Jet, no customer he worked with has ever switched to a competitor. Many on-site supervisors recruited, trained, and supervised by Ranjan have gone on to become managers of other districts.On the other hand, Ranjan’s unhealthy eating habits – despite doctors` warnings – have contributed to some serious medical difficulties. During the past year, Ranjan was out of work for three months with gallbladder and heart problems, attributable in part to obesity. And Ranjan’s behaviour towards others can be overbearing. Sampada kept track of her phone calls from district managers during the year, and there were more calls (or messages) from Ranjan than from the other nine district managers taken together – calls to promote or advertise his own efforts. Although Ranjan can be charming, he has started to be loud and rude with regional personnel whom he perceives as excessively rule – oriented. All in all, Ranjan’s style and appearance have become entirely different from what Sampada is accustomed to in colleagues and employees.Further, it has been announced that Sampada’s region is going to be expanded and that a new position, that of assistant regional manager will be created. Ranjan has made it clear that as Jet`s longest tenured district manager in the region, he feels entitled to this promotion. However, Sampada does not feel she could work with Ranjan as the assistant regional manager. She feels that their management styles are too different and that Ranjan’s behaviour might irritate regional and corporate personnel. As Sampada looks over Jet`s performance assessment and management instrument, she realises that her honest assessment of Ranjan’s performance in his current job is generally excellent. She glances at the last page of the assessment and management form and the overall ratings from which she will have to choose. Jet`s overall rating system is on a 1-10 scale, with 10 as outstanding; 7-9, different degrees of excellent performance; 5-6, satisfactory; 3-4, below average; and 1-2, unacceptable. Sampada is uncertain as to what overall rating to assign. If she gives Ranjan too high a rating, he will expect to be promoted. If the rating is too low, Ranjan will doubtless be angry, feeling that an injustice has been done. Ranjan`s Self-Assessment and Management: Ranjan sees himself as different from the other district managers. An outgoing, gregarious type, he loves to visit his customer locations and work with his company`s personnel. His idea of a successful day is one spent teaching a customer service manager a new operating procedure or management technique. In fact, Ranjan is known to roll up his sleeves and teach Jet employees a new recipe or how to improve an existing dish.Ranjan has worked for several district managers and has always liked to keep them informed about his activities, sometimes phoning two or three times a day. From discussions with Sampada, he is aware that she thinks many of these calls are not necessary, but he wants her to know how things are going with his employees and customers. He is also aware of Sampada’s views regarding his ignoring medical advice. Ranjan is proud of his career and of what he has been able to do without much higher education. He feels he is qualified to become a regional manager, and he looks forward to the possibility of promotion to the new assistant regional manager position as a step toward this ultimate goal. Ranjan’s Assessment Rating: In reviewing the situation, Sampada decides to give Ranjan an overall rating of 6. She feels justified, given that Ranjan did miss months of work as a result of neglecting his health. She knows that Ranjan will expect a higher overall rating, but she is prepared to stand behind her evaluation. Sampada then goes back to considering the separate ratings she will assign and to making plans for their feedback review. Questions:1 How would you describe Sampada’s approach to the assessment and management of Ranjan’s performance? 2 Are Sampada`s concerns with Ranjan’s performance legitimate? Will Ranjan have justifiable reasons for feeling dissatisfied with the assessment and management results?

Energy Needs Essay Example for Free

Energy Needs Essay Fracking or hydraulic fracturing is a method used to extract valuable gasses from rock formations in the earth. Some of these gasses include shale gas, tight gas and petroleum. In South Africa fracking is used to extract shale gas in the Karoo. Shale gas is a natural gas that forms when air is captured in rock formations under the ground. It is one of the main reasons why hydraulic fracturing is used. Shale gas is used especially in America. In 2000 shale gas made out one percent of America’s energy producers but in 2010 it replaced over 20% of America’s natural gas resources. There was claimed by experts that South Africa has the fifth biggest shale gas resources in the world while China has the biggest. There is hoped that this gas could be an alternative resource of energy for South Africa’s growing need. That is why the eighteen-month moratorium for the use of fracking, to extract shale gas, was lifted. Even though this could be a great opportunity for our country the damage caused to our environment would be far greater than the little energy it would produce. When fracking is used to extract this gas, water, harmful chemicals and sand is pumped into the fractures of the rock formation. Manmade machines mostly make these fractures that drill holes into the rocks over three thousand meters deep. When this mixture of the water, sand and chemicals reach the shale rock formations hidroxide gasses are released inside the rock. These gases are than captured and used for the generation of electricity. No one can say that fracking does not have a huge impact on the natural environment. Unluckily I am not too sure that it is a positive impact. The chemicals and toxins used in fracking are released into the scarce  underground water of the Karoo, making the water polluted and unusable. Harmful emissions are also released into the air when extracted causing a greenhouse effect on the environment. A study shows that 3,6 to 7,9% methane is released into the atmosphere after fracking has taken place. Even the use of shale gas causes air pollution. The fact that fracking causes allot of pollution cannot be missed. It was even banned in France because of all the pollution it would have made. Because of the negative effect of pollution on the environment, in this case air and water pollution, I can’t understand why such a thing was allowed. For me as part of a new generation it is more important to use clean alternative energy rather than to use short-term solutions with financial benefit just to cause the earth to decline faster.

Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay

Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay The early twentieth century was a very important time for Russian sports history; many new types of sports gained popularity throughout the country and the nation took its level of athletic competition to an all time new level. Understanding the role of sports in Russias history is significant because sports are more than a form of entertainment for spectators as well as those who participate in them. The reality is that sports are a great symbol of exercise, physical fitness, a healthy life style/society, and camaraderie between teammates and even opponents. Furthermore, when a nation competes in sporting competitions with other nations, this is a form of athletic socialization that suggests healthy and friendly relationships with other countries. For these reasons, understanding the role of sports during this time period in Russian history is valuable to understanding this time period in Russia. Among the sports that took center stage during this time period were tennis and soccer, although basketball, cricket, fencing, wrestling and various other sports did gain popularity during this time period as well. In addition to sports gaining popularity, the early twentieth century was also an important time for Russian sports for a different reason; during this period, the initial endeavors of Russia in the most popular sports competition in the world took place, the Olympic Games! Tennis in Russia during 1910 (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). One sport that gained increased recognition during the first decade of the twentieth century was tennis. This sport, which was originally introduced in Russia during the summer of 1878, was even enjoyed by Tsar Nicholas II himself! In fact, Tsar Nicholas II was a keen tennis player. His diary entries are full of references to the sport: played tennis after breakfast until 5 oclock, played a lot of tennis, enjoyed playing tennis, I personally played seven sets, went to play tennis early and played and sweated a great deal (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). In addition to this famous leader, there were other proponents of the sport that also helped increase its popularity. For example, some men who are now considered by many people as the pioneers of professional tennis in Russia include Count Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston, who was Russias champion in 1910-1914, as well as Arthur MacPherson, who was one of the founders of Russian lawn tennis (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Soccer During the later part of the nineteenth century, Soccer was gaining popularity in Russia; however, in the eyes of the Russian government, this was not perceived as a good thing. In fact, the Russian government actually went to great lengths in order to attempt to restrict the practice of soccer amongst the countrys ethnic minorities. The purpose of this policy was to try and maintain the sport as something that was exclusively for the countrys elite. In order to accomplish this, those who were considered of a lower class, could not be associated with the game. Not surprisingly, this policy failed, and the games popularity spread quickly during the time when many Russian students were returning home from England. By 1905, the majority of Russias clubs had already been established, and in 1912, according to the Russian National Football Ream website, The Football Association of Russia was founded in 1912 and became affiliated to FIFA that same year. During this same year, Russia partic ipated in an Olympic Games Football Tournament for the first time in its history. Other Sports Basketball was also popular in Russia during the early years of the twentieth century (Nelson 22). In addition to this sport, cricket was also appreciated throughout Russia. In fact, there were many popular sports clubs throughout the country during this time period where people could go to enjoy this game; there were even some clubs that were specifically dedicated to the game of cricket, such as the St. Petersburg Cricket Club (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Other sports played in Russia during this time include fencing, football, wrestling, racing, and gymnastics. Although there were other sports that were played and well-loved in Russia during this time period, these sports were among the most popular. Olympics Not only were many sports gaining popularity in the country during the early twentieth century, but it was during this time period that Russia began competing on an international level as well. Up until this point, the majority of Russias sport activities were local. Indeed, the most noteworthy change in Russian sports history was that this nation began competing in the Olympic Games. Although this was a big change in Russian sports history, it is important to note that despite Russias initial participation in these Olympic Games of 1900, the country did not compete in the Olympics again until 1908. Russia chose not to partake in the 1904 summer Olympics, but in the 1908 games, Russia not only competed, but the nation completed the games ranking in twelfth place. The 1908 London Summer Olympics Photo of Nikolai Panin (Dolgopolov 33) [About] one hundred years ago, at the fourth modern Olympics, held in London in 1908, Russia sent a team that was comprised of six athletes; three of them returned with medals. Nikolai Panin was the only one to bring home a gold medal Russias first ever. Panin won it in special figures figure skating (London was the first Olympics to include a non-summer sport). Nikolai Orlov and Alexei Petrov returned with silver medals in wrestling (Dolgopolov 33). In addition to skating and wrestling, Russia also took part in racing that year. However, Russia only had one athelete competing in the the athletics segment of the Olympic games, which greatly decreased their chances of winning a medal. The Russian athelete who did partipate in the athletics segment managed to take ninteenth place out of the twenty-seven racers who also competed in those games (The British Olympic Council 49). The 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics Russias commendable victory in the 1908 London Summer Olympics was followed by another great performance in the 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics. Although Russia did not win any gold medals in these games, the country still managed to win two silver medals and three bronze medals, which was good enough to give Russia a ranking of sixteenth place in those games. One of the silver medals was won by a team comprised of Amos Kash, Nikolai Melnitsky, Pavel Voyloshnikov and Grigori Panteleimonov; the game was called Shooting, Mens Team 30m military pistol. In addition, the other silver medal was won by Martin Klein in the Wrestling, Greco-Roman middleweight games. In regards to the bronze medals, Mart Kuusik won one medal in the Rowing, Mens single sculls game. Also, Esper Beloselsky, Ernest Brasche, Nikolai Puschnitsky, Aleksandr Rodionov, Iosif Schomaker, Philip Strauch, and Karl Lindblom won a medal in Sailing, Mens 10m class. Finally, Harry Blau won a bronze medal in Shooting, Mens Trap. During these Olympics, Russia exhibited much more skill and willingness to compete that it did in the years preview; this is evident not only in the number of sports games that Russia took part in, but also the number of Russia athletes that competed that year in comparison to the 1900 Olympics in Paris and the 1908 Olympics in London (THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 852-861). (THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 268) Also worth mentioning is that the 1912 Olympics was Russias debut in the swimming games. Another first for Russia that year was in the cycling part of the games; there were a total of ten cyclists competing on behalf of Russia that year. Diving was another first for Russia, although the nation only had one individual representing it in that segment. Furthermore, the nation sent a total of thirty-five athletes in order to compete on the nations behalf in the athletics segment of the games (ex., racing), which was a huge improvement in comparison to the single marathon runner who competed for Russia in the 1908 Olympic Games. Other games that Russia participated in the 1912 Olympics included equestrian, jumping, fencing, football, gymnastics, rowing, sailing, modern pentathlon, shooting, rowing, tennis, and wrestling. Clearly, Russia has increased its interest in competing in the Olympic games over the past dozen years. Taking a Break from the Olympics Partaking in the Olympic Games was a very important part of Russian sports history, given that the Olympics symbolize global friendliness, fair-play, and unity. It is clear that Russia began taking the Olympics much more seriously with each subsequent visit to the Olympics; this is evident from the number of athletes that this nation decided to send to the Olympics in 1912. It seemed as though Russias participation in these games would be long lasting; however, the camaraderie and national pride that Russian citizens gained during those three trips to the Olympics was short lived. This is because it would be decades before these Russian citizens could feel the national pride of a Russian winning a medal again. The 1916 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War I and the 1940 and 1944 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War II. Although these three Olympic Games were canceled as a result of global chaos, this only offers an explanation for three Games. Russia chose not to co mpete in the Olympics again until the 1952 Games, but this time, Russia was not considered Russia anymore; it was the Soviet Union that competed in its place. This brief time that Russia participated in the Olympics has gone down in history as Russias first Olympic endeavors and a very important milestone in Russian Sports history. Dolgopolov, Nikolai. Russias First Gold Medalist. Russian Life 51.4 (2008): 33. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. Nelson, M. The Originals: the New York Celtics invent modern basketball. New York: Bowling Green State Univrsity Popular Press, 1999. THE BRITISH OLYMPIC COUNCIL. The Fourth Olypiad London 1908 Official Report. London: THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 1908. 06 March 2010 THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. The Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912 Official Report. Stockholm: WAHLSTRÃÆ'-M WIDSTRAND, 1912. 06 March 2010 Russian National Football Team. A look at Russia. 04 March 2010

Ellen Foster Essay -- Literary Analysis

Center stage in Kaye Gibbons’ inspiring bildungsroman, Ellen Foster, is the spunky heroine Ellen Foster. At the start of the novel, Ellen is a fiery nine-year old girl. Her whole life, especially the three years depicted in Ellen Foster, Ellen is exposed to death, neglect, hunger and emotional and physical abuse. Despite the atrocities surrounding her, Ellen asks for nothing more than to find a â€Å"new mama† to love her. She avoids facing the harsh reality of strangers and her own family’s cruelty towards her by using different forms of escapism. Thrice Ellen is exposed to death (Gibbons 27). Each time, Ellen has a conversation with a magician to cope with the trauma (Gibbons 22-145). Many times Ellen’s actions and words cause it to be difficult to tell that she is still a child. However, in order to distract herself, Ellen will play meaningful games (Gibbons 26). These games become a fulcrum for Ellen’s inner child to express itself. Frequently, Ellen will lapse into a daydream (Gibbons 67). Usually, these daydreams are meant to protect herself from the harsh reality around her. Ellen Foster’s unique use of escapism resounds as the theme of Kaye Gibbon’s Ellen Foster. To illustrate Ellen’s ability to survive traumas such as death and abuse, one might look to her imagination. Ellen is still a small girl when the novel takes place, so it seems normal for her to have a vivid imagination. Ellen goes to numerous funerals, and she witnesses two deaths (Gibbons 22-30, 114-130). While at these funerals, or around the lifeless body of a supposed loved one, Ellen has a small talk with the character known as â€Å"the magician† (Gibbons 22-145). Ellen calls upon this character to help explain the finality of death. Since she is still a child... ...). When working in the fields, Ellen mentally recites poetry while imagining herself speaking in front of others, strongly (Rambo 670). This daydream keeps Ellen from breaking down while working in her grandmother’s cotton fields (Rambo 668). When her Mama’s Mama gets sick, Ellen is forced to care for her. When her Mama’s Mama falls asleep, Ellen fantasizes being at an ocean, far away (Gibbons 79). These and many more daydreams Ellen experiences throughout Ellen Foster ring true to Ellen’s desire to break away from her harsh life. Ellen Foster’s use of escapism reverberates as the theme of Kaye Gibbons’ novel. Her imagination, determination, tenacity and innocence allow her to escape, to break away from all of the unfathomable cruelty surrounding her. Without her unique and clever use of escapism, the heroine of Ellen Foster would have been easily overwhelmed. Ellen Foster Essay -- Literary Analysis Center stage in Kaye Gibbons’ inspiring bildungsroman, Ellen Foster, is the spunky heroine Ellen Foster. At the start of the novel, Ellen is a fiery nine-year old girl. Her whole life, especially the three years depicted in Ellen Foster, Ellen is exposed to death, neglect, hunger and emotional and physical abuse. Despite the atrocities surrounding her, Ellen asks for nothing more than to find a â€Å"new mama† to love her. She avoids facing the harsh reality of strangers and her own family’s cruelty towards her by using different forms of escapism. Thrice Ellen is exposed to death (Gibbons 27). Each time, Ellen has a conversation with a magician to cope with the trauma (Gibbons 22-145). Many times Ellen’s actions and words cause it to be difficult to tell that she is still a child. However, in order to distract herself, Ellen will play meaningful games (Gibbons 26). These games become a fulcrum for Ellen’s inner child to express itself. Frequently, Ellen will lapse into a daydream (Gibbons 67). Usually, these daydreams are meant to protect herself from the harsh reality around her. Ellen Foster’s unique use of escapism resounds as the theme of Kaye Gibbon’s Ellen Foster. To illustrate Ellen’s ability to survive traumas such as death and abuse, one might look to her imagination. Ellen is still a small girl when the novel takes place, so it seems normal for her to have a vivid imagination. Ellen goes to numerous funerals, and she witnesses two deaths (Gibbons 22-30, 114-130). While at these funerals, or around the lifeless body of a supposed loved one, Ellen has a small talk with the character known as â€Å"the magician† (Gibbons 22-145). Ellen calls upon this character to help explain the finality of death. Since she is still a child... ...). When working in the fields, Ellen mentally recites poetry while imagining herself speaking in front of others, strongly (Rambo 670). This daydream keeps Ellen from breaking down while working in her grandmother’s cotton fields (Rambo 668). When her Mama’s Mama gets sick, Ellen is forced to care for her. When her Mama’s Mama falls asleep, Ellen fantasizes being at an ocean, far away (Gibbons 79). These and many more daydreams Ellen experiences throughout Ellen Foster ring true to Ellen’s desire to break away from her harsh life. Ellen Foster’s use of escapism reverberates as the theme of Kaye Gibbons’ novel. Her imagination, determination, tenacity and innocence allow her to escape, to break away from all of the unfathomable cruelty surrounding her. Without her unique and clever use of escapism, the heroine of Ellen Foster would have been easily overwhelmed.

The Healthcare Environmental Checklist Essay -- Healthcare

The built environment undoubtedly affects the quality and care to the patients and family members. Patients and family members are expecting from a health care organization a well built environment that is suitable and accessible, caring for family, encouraging or beneficial to wellbeing, confidential, considerate, secure and safe. The environment checklist is an assessment tool that will help healthcare organizational designers and health care administrations accumulate information about consumer’s needs, measure satisfaction, and provide facility comparisons for molding the industry’s best practices. I reviewed the environmental checklist in my facility and discussed with my nursing manager the areas that need improvement and the areas that performing well. The three most important areas that I would address that needs to recover are 1.Information systems in place, 2.Staffing requirements and 3.Patients discharge. 1. Information systems in place. The rising cost of healthcare and the lack of health insurance coverage for over 15% of the U.S. population have appeared as important political, economic and policy concerns. Hospitals have to find ways to develop effectiveness to drive down the cost of their services. Hospital organizations in United States are facing pressures to control costs, and to improve quality outcomes. Information systems (IS) have an integral role in addressing these challenges. Successful presentation of Information systems (IS) in the healthcare industry can create new professional models. Dramatic improvement in technology improves the availability of clinical data with no time and so improves patient outcome and care management. Information technologies can assist in the reform of organizations and h... ...tcomes. Works Cited Fichman, R., Kohli, R., & Krishnan, R. (Eds.) (2010). THE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS: Synergies from an interdisciplinary perspective. Retrieved from http://www.informs.org/Pubs/ISR/Special-Issues/Special-Issue-on-IS-in-Healthcare Health Information Technology. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.kaiseredu.org/issue-Modules/Health-Information-Technology/Background-Brief.aspx?&lang=en_us&output=json Healthy Work Environments: Standards. (2011). Retrieved from www.aacn.org/WD/HWE/Docs/HWEStandards.pdf Heller, B. R., Oros, M. T., & Durney-Crowley, J. (2011). The Future of Nursing Education: Ten Trends to Watch. Retrieved from http://www.nln.org/nlnjournal/infotrends.htm Hughes, R. G. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/

Milk †Nutrition Essay

Got Milk? â€Å"Milk is a white fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nourishment of their young, consisting of minute globules of fat suspended in a solution of casein, albumin, milk sugar, and inorganic salts† (milk). Humans have been consuming milk for thousands of years. As humans we usually consume milk beyond childhood getting it from our animal counterpart’s goats, sheep, and cattle, and using it as a food product. Nine out of ten of the milk consumed in the United States comes from cattle. There has been numerous debates on rather drinking milk is healthy for humans. Milk is present in numerous of humans all time favorite foods such as ice cream, yogurt, cheese, and butter, these products are known as dairy products. Milk comes in many different forms. For example: organic, conventional, homogenized, flavored, and non-dairy milk. Contrary to what many may think, there is no known difference between organic and raw milk. â€Å"Homogenization is a process that gives milk its rich, white color and smooth texture. Milk that has not been homogenized contains a layer of cream that rises to the top of a glass†. (Wokenfuss). Flavored milk is any milk with artificial flavoring including strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla flavored milks. Flavored milks contain more sugar and fat calories than unflavored milks, but it’s still contains the essential nutrients available in the milk. It was once said that â€Å"milk is one-stop shopping for nutrition†. Milk contains nearly all the nutrients that a growing child would need. It contains fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals, all these nutrients are essential in not only growing children but human beings in general. Milk is known as being very rich in calcium. Numerous studies were conducted and it was shown that four out of five serving of foods rich in calcium such as milk, cheese, and other dairy products are needed to optimize peak bone mass during teenage years. â€Å"Calcium plays an important role in building stronger, denser bones early in life and keeping bones strong and healthy later in life. † It has been said that dairy foods rich in calcium could possibly increase the speed of weight loss and also reduce the amount of body fat. Milk also has a high quality in protein. Protein helps increase energy, and it also helps build and prepare muscle tissue. â€Å"Vitamins are organic substances essential for many life processes. Milk includes fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K†¦ Because milk is an important source of dietary vitamin A, fat reduced products which have lost vitamin A with the fat are required to supplement the product with vitamin A. † (Douglas). Many critics argue the fact that milk is more harmful to humans than helpful. Dairy products add to numerous health problems. Milk doesn’t possess iron of its own, so it’s possibly could harm a child’s ability to absorb iron. Iron makes up a large amount of proteins in the body. Having low amount of it could result in deficiency anemia. Large amounts of the American people are lactose intolerant, meaning they can’t consume large amounts of lactose which is highly present in milk. â€Å"Studies have suggested that some of the nutritional benefits of milk may be lost when a lactase-deficient [lactose intolerant] individual consumes milk. Not only does this person fail to receive the calories normally supplied by the undigested carbohydrates; resultant diarrhea may lead to loss of protein as well. † ( Oski). We all have heard the saying â€Å"Milk creates strong bones†. There have been numerous debates on whether the calcium in dairy products really does assist the bones. Statistics show that teenagers bone health is not contributed to the amount of consumed calcium, but the amount of physical activity they partaken in their earlier years. There also hasn’t been any evidence to support the claim that consuming dairy products on a daily basis can contribute to weight loss. Consuming milk also hasn’t proved to be to any assistance later in life. It has been proven that the consumption of milk does increase the risk of ovarian cancer. â€Å"Many researchers say dairy products are high in saturated fat and cholesterol and have been linked to numerous illnesses and diseases such as diabetes, prostate cancer, heart disease, various allergies and Crohn’s disease. † (Garcia). In conclusion, I believe that the consumption of milk is not an important factor in living a healthy and normal life. Large amounts of research and studies were conducted, and I’ve reviewed the pros and cons of milk and dairy products, and I conclude that there are more harmful after effects from drinking milk than beneficial for human beings.

Objective Strategies Essay

Competitive advantage of the product = only perceived by buyers. LEADERSHIP IN COSTS: When consumers value low cost as a factor very important in their purchase decision. It relies on the productivity dimension and is usually linked to the existence of an experience or economies of scale effect. This strategy involves close monitoring of costs operating costs of products and services and expenditure reduced advertising sales and while the emphasis is essentially obtains a low unit cost in relation to its competitors. Differentiation When the client buys by factors other than price These strategies are intended to give the product qualities important for the buyer distinctive and distinguishing it from the offers from competitors. It can be based on an image of brand, a recognized technological advance, the outward appearance. SPECIALIST When focused on the needs of a segment or a particular group of buyers, without pretending to go to the market Primary strategy: Get place in all stores. At least one of our bikes. To achieve this we use the following tactics: Contact one by one with all the shops and they personally show you our portfolio. Method: will be contacted by telephone and as far as possible will visit the shops. Emphasis will be placed on the price of our products to better pleasing our customers. . id that â€Å"no child deserves to suffer and die if it could easily have been prevented†), since I have no evidence of Basson contributing to charity to create a better world for all. My comment that I would like to see Basson contribute to enable the underprivileged to create a better life for themselves and that this is what I would do if I were to earn that much is, however, compatible with my opinions of both assignments 3 and 4, since I expressed in both that we should help others as much as we can, and not let children die needlessly. Sources consulted: Collins Dictionary. [Sa]. [O]. Available at: http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/altruism (accessed on 23/08/2014) Eccles, N. 2013. Sustainability and Greed. [O]. Available at: https://my.unisa.ac.za/portal/site/SUS1501-14-S2-16T/page/a5485ad2-c031-4ffd-a90f-3313380c55b4 (accessed on 23/08/2014)

Barilla Operations Case

Barilla Case ____________________________________________________________ ______________ Overview of Barilla Barilla appears to be in a commodity industry, suggesting flat demand. Barilla positions themselves as the branded, premium, dry pasta. Their order qualifiers are consistency and quality, and their order winners are brand recognition and variety in shapes. In fact their product line is extensive – 800 products. However, Barilla faces demand fluctuations that strain their supply chain operations and making it difficult to anticipate product demand. Barilla proposes a Just in Time Delivery system to help improve margins. Our overall recommendation is that a JITD delivery system is premature, and instead we recommend building a new information management system to resolve the information bottleneck between customer and the manufacturer and align incentives at each stage in the supply chain to reduce inventories. Only then can a JITD delivery system be properly evaluated. The Impact of Fluctuating Demand on Operations Fluctuating customer demand results in higher inventory for distributors who carry a cross-section of product lines, as demand among product lines fluctuates in unpredictable ways. Certain lines will stock out, while other inventory will merely sit. Thus the sitting inventory creates higher carrying costs. Unanticipated demand will result in higher stock without sufficient information to forecast demand. This is a mismatch in inventory allocation, and a information-transmission issue. Since the manufacturer cannot anticipate which lines will be in greatest demand, lead time is increased, as the manufacturer cannot tailor production to the increased demand until determining which line to produce. These lead times essentially result in a whip-lash effect, in which the factories over-react to stock outs. This results in higher inventory and higher costs. These higher inventory costs contribute to the lower margins and stock outs impair Barilla’s brand equity as a premium brand – a premium brand should not have empty shelf space. The causes of the fluctuating demand The underlying causes include customer demand, customer price sensitivity, some seasonality, the manner and duration of the promotions, the lack of sufficient information to anticipate demand, and the fragmented information stream from small shops. Customer demand is not well recorded. Though pasta volume tends to be steady other than some seasonality, demand among varieties is uncertain, and this flows up the supply chain. Furthermore, the extensive product offerings make it difficult to determine if certain lines are purchased as a substitute for others. One aspect of this uncertainty is the fragmented information stream that results from the many small shops, each conducting inventory at different times, with few incentives to pass information upstream except when they decide to place a new order. This lack of real-time info about customer demand other than periodic orders is a large barrier to accurate forecasting. The promotion structure may be exacerbating the demand problems. We do not know the windows of promotions, but narrow promotion windows should increase ability to forecast demand, suggesting that they do not use promotions that are narrow enough to predict demand. Internal and External Barriers to Implementation of JITD First of all, there is an information bottleneck just past the customer, and the information relating to amount and timing of demand does not flow directly up the Supply Chain. Instead Shops, Distributors and Barilla’s Factories are forced to use existing orders to inform their supply decisions. Barilla’s Long lead time 10 days combined with distributors reviewing inventory levels once a week, does not allow orders to catch up with the demand. This will make the accurate forecasting that Barilla needs to perform JITD very difficult. Distributors distrust giving Barilla info. Barilla has inadequately explained toe potential costs savings that could result from reducing inventory. Distributors also fear that they will lose the volume discounts they currently receive if the JITD system results in smaller batches. Externally there are concerns that greater dependence on Barilla due to a smaller inventory would place them at risk of supply chain interruption. Our recommendations to deal with the barriers to implementation Barilla could vertically integrate, buying the distributors, and centralizing shipment information. Alternatively, we think that incentives could be aligned better to promote the free flow of information up the supply chain and reassure distributors regarding discounts. To reassure distributors, we would recommend basing discounts not on individual shipment size, but monthly volume, so that they would, on average, receive the same discounts under JITD. Also, Barilla should use promotions with short terms to create set periodic demand for promoted products. Rewards should be established as incentives to distributors and retailers to better document sales volume. This could invest in electronic barcode readers and tracking technology. Similarly, Distributors should be educated about the specific gains that they could realize by assisting Barilla to produce more efficiently, including improved margins and reduced lead times. With accurate delivery, retailers only need to maintain minimum amount of inventory and thus reduce the inventory management cost. Good incentives will produce good information. Accordingly, we recommend, building a new information management system that better gauges distributor and retailer statistics to provide accurate customer demand. Only when demand can be forecast can a JITD system’s efficiency be properly evaluated.

Importance of Sleep Essay

1. Understand the importance of sleep 1 Explain how sleep contributes to an individual’s well-being 2 Identify reasons why an individual may find it hard to sleep 3 Describe the possible short-term and long-term effects on an individual who is unable to sleep well 2. Be able to establish conditions suitable for sleep 1 Describe conditions likely to be suitable for sleep 2 Minimise aspects of the environment likely to make sleep difficult for an individual 3 Adjust own behaviour to contribute to a restful environment 4 Describe actions to take if the behaviour or movement of others hinders an individual’s ability to sleep 3. Be able to assist an individual to sleep 1 Explain the importance of a holistic approach to assisting sleep 2 Encourage the individual to communicate the support they need to sleep 3 Assist the individual to find a position for sleep consistent with their plan of care 4 Support the individual to use aids for sleep in ways that reflect the plan of care and follow agreed ways of working 4. Be able to monitor sleep 1 Establish with the individual and others how sleep will be monitored 2 Record agreed observations relating to the individual’s sleep and the assistance given 5. Know how to access information and advice about difficulties with sleep 1 Describe situations in which additional information or assistance about sleep would be needed 2 Explain how to access additional information and assistance Additional information An individual is someone requiring care or support Agreed ways of working will include policies and procedures where these exist Others may include: family friends advocates line manager health professionals others who are important to the individual’s well-being Unit aim (s) This unit is aimed at those working in a wide range of settings. It provides the learner with the knowledge and skills required to establish conditions suitable for sleep and support the individual to sleep. Assessment requirements specified by a sector or regulatory body (if appropriate) This unit must be assessed in accordance with Skills for Care and Development’s QCF Assessment Principles. Learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 must be assessed in a real work environment. Details of the relationship of the unit and relevant national occupational standards HSC216

Project Management Organizational Structures Essay

A series of related jobs that are focused toward a major solution is a project. Projects take time, money, people, and other resources to perform successfully. Project management usually controls these resources as well as planning the project and allocating resources where needed. Before a project is started, management decides which organizational structure will be used to run the project. There are three organizational structures that can be chosen from consisting of the Functional, Matrix, and Pure Project structures. Each of these has their advantages and disadvantages in structuring a project. Project managers are in charge of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing the project. Prior to beginning a project the manager needs to decide which organizational structure is the best fit to run the project at hand. Choosing which organizational structure to use largely depends on the size of the company, what is trying to be accomplished, and what resources are available. This paper will examine the three primary organizational structures mentioned above and the situation in which each structure would be the best method to manage a project team. In the functional project management organizational structure, â€Å"the project is assigned to the functional unit that has the most interest in ensuring its success or can be most helpful in implementing it† (Mantel & Meredith, 2006). This organizational structure has been considerably one of the oldest methods used however, remains one of the most successful. The functional method is best used when applied to routine work functions and to support the value of work standards. Under this organizational structure projects are usually assigned into two different ways consisting of assigning a project to a functional manager who coordinates with others to contribute or assigning the project to different departments who each complete their portion of the work and report to the department managers. Consequently, â€Å"organizational behavior is important because the functional employees at the interface position find themselves reporting to more than one boss, a line manager [ass igned to control resources] and a project manager for each project they are assigned to† (Kerzner, 2006). The functional structure has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include a higher flexibility in using the staff through other required  contributions, employees may be switched back and forth between related projects, individuals may be grouped for a larger depth of knowledge, the functional division serves as a â€Å"base of continuity† in the event an individual chooses to withdraw from the project, and the functional field serves as a huge advancement to those who have remained with a the project through a successful completion (Mantel & Meredith, 2006). On the contrary, this structure is not very effective when used on more complex projects and when viewing employee recognition. The individual accountability of tasks is hardly recognized for tasks being performed on an individual basis. Other disadvantages recognized amongst the functional project management organizational structure include the focus not being set on the client, focusing more on activities versus function, slow responses to client needs, lack of interest and motivation in certain areas to the assigned projects, and difficulties in communicating knowledge. Alike the functional organizational structure of project management, the Pure Project structure also has its unique advantages and disadvantages. This structure allows the project to be separated from the rest of the parent system becoming a self contained unit with its own staff, administration, and tying to the parent firm through periodic progress reports and oversight (Mantel & Meredith, 2006). Advantages to using this organizational structure include full authority to the project manager who is project director, shortened lines of communication, strong and separate identities of the project team, the ease of understanding pure project organizations, and the main focus on total project versus optimized subsystems as focused by other organizational structures. The Pure Project structure is effective in dedicating resources through the life of a project. This method is excellent in executing complex projects in that it meets the demands of the project by â€Å"isolating unique work and maintaining a strong focus on completing the project† (Russell, 2008). This structure reacts rapidly to the needs of clients contrary to those in the functional organizational structure. This Pure Project structure’s inefficiencies include the transfers in technology and the use of resources, which are provided through the life of the project as well as duplications  of effort, fostering of inconsistencies, and the project taking on a life of its own. The Matrix organizational structure of project management is much a combination of both the functional and Pure Project organizational structures. This project management structure evolved from the flaws in the other two structures previously discussed. Being combined of the other two organizational structure of project management, the Matrix structure can take on a large assortment of specific forms. This structure works very well when several projects are being coordinated at once. Contrary to the best components combined from the other two organizational structures of functional and Pure Project are the disadvantages of the Matrix structure consisting of conflicts. Having â€Å"individual employees to report to at least two managers often leads to ambiguity and conflict† which in turn could be avoided through proper communication (Russell, 2008). Much of the criticisms of this Matrix structure include the dark side of its advantages for balancing out who is in charge of the project, failure of project due to lack of negotiating skills, the severity of shutting down a project because of the project’s individual identities, and balancing time, cost, and performance. There is not one organizational structure better than the other. Each organizational structure has its advantages and disadvantages. The decision rests on what project the manager is trying to accomplish. The project manager needs to decide which organizational structure best suits that project. The project manager needs to assess the available resources, finances, and keep in mind the timeframe that has been assigned to the project. In order for the project to be successful, the project manager must compare the organizational structures in order to decide which would be the most suitable. In conclusion, organizational structures are never stagnant and frequently change based on the needs and the strategy that is employed by the organization. Organizational strategies dictate the structures that can be used by the organization and the success that these structures will have in  the improvement of the productivity of the workforce in the organization. Any structure ultimately is used to improve the manner by which organizations report and communicate with the other elements within the organization. Organizational structures, rules and regulations, are generally viewed as instruments set in place to facilitate and aid task performance by all those involved in the organization. Due to the effectiveness of the project, the Functional organization, Pure Project organization, and Matrix organization are the three most project management structures that are still used today. References Kerzner, H. (2006). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Mantel, S.J. & Meredith, J.R. (2006). Project Management: A managerial approach. (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Russell, M. (2008). Organizational structures in project management. Ezine articles. Retrieved August 01, 2008 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Organizational-Structures-In-Project-Management.

Nike and its Approach to Corporate Responsibility Essay

Nike and its Approach to Corporate Responsibility - Essay Example Nevertheless, large and multinational enterprises face major distrust by the broad public perhaps due to that the expectations of society regarding business has tremendously changed in recent years. The business of business shouldn’t be just ‘business’, but it has to extend its contribution to social justice, community welfare, economic development and quality of social life as well. This piece of paper discusses the corporate social responsibility of Nike and provides an in-depth analysis of Nike’s social responsibility initiatives in recent years by using strategic analysis tools. 1.1- Nike’s Corporate Social Responsibility Nike Inc, world’s number-one shoe and apparel company, designs and develops athletic footwear, apparel, equipments and accessories to market them worldwide. It sells its athletics products to its customers through its own retails stores and internet apart from independent distributors and retailers (Reuters.com, 2013). Ni ke Inc. headquartered in Beaverton, USA, has been ranked #126 by Fortune 500 Companies (Hoovers.com, 2013). Amid some issues related to employees poor working conditions in Nike’s manufacturing centers including Indonesia and that media as well as NGOs have recently given greater importance about Nike’s issues of responsibility towards its stakeholders, the company took a very positive strategic way to its corporate social responsibility. It explored new sustainable business model to prepare the company a different operating environment. In recent years, Nike has changed the way it operated and it developed focus for its social responsibility on improving employees’ working conditions in its contracted factories aiming for carbon neutrality with a view to maintain sustainable business by making sports available to youngsters across the world (mallenbaker.net, 2013). 1.2- Corporate Social Responsibility The significance of CSR has been continuously increasing in the business contexts for the last few years and this can be very evident from the fact that more than 90 percent of the Fortune-500 companies do have explicit social responsibility initiatives (Bueble, 2009, p. 1). As this term is discerned from Corporate, Social and Responsibility, it is very clear that it refers to the responsibilities that are inherent in the relationship between corporate and the society (Werther and Chandler, 2006, p. 6). Kotler and Lee (2005, p. 3) elucidate the concept of CSR that it is a commitment of an enterprise to improve community well-being through discretionary management activities. The social responsibility of an enterprise involves society’s economic, legal, ethical and other discretionary expectations from that enterprise (Sims, 2003, p. 43). The basic four elements of CSR are economical, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities a business is expected to fulfill (Pearson and Robinson, 2004, p. 50). Hence, it is expected that a bus iness need to protect human rights (Banerjee, 2009, p. 94), sustain natural environment (Banerjee, 2009,

PHD dissertation proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PHD dissertation proposal - Essay Example Present day applications of information and communications technologies in healthcare have posted the domain to such a level that the physicians seem to be possessing supernatural powers. Telemedicine is one such tested, reliable and a dependable application of information and communications technologies in healthcare. In the recent past, researchers and practitioners have defined telemedicine as a branch of e-health that uses communications networks for delivery of healthcare services and medical education from one geographical location to another. It is deployed to overcome issues like uneven distribution and shortage of infrastructural and human resources [Sood et al. 576]. Telemedicine not only promises to address certain healthcare issues but it also aims to enhance quality and speed medical services. Telemedicine has shown to save time by avoiding unnecessary travel and also saves costs as far as the consumers of healthcare services are concerned. Telemedicine has been considered equally useful for developed as well as developing countries, telemedicine has been tried by using almost all the communications modalities ranging from plain old telephone system to 3G mobile communications networks [Garawi, 91]. Although the technology of telemedicine holds immense potential to address some of the mentioned above issues but still this technology of social relevance has not gained its ground at the rate comparable to other information systems such as those centered on eBusiness/eCommerce, the more so when there is plenty of evidence justifying the need for telemedicine [Rissam, 9]. Unfortunately, healthcare has been stated to be one of the slowest sectors to adopt and implement information technology [England, 177]. It is a fact that very little is known about hospitals’ adoption of information technology (Burke, 350). Healthcare systems world over can be characterized as laggards in

Does the state control capitalism, or does capitalism control the Essay

Does the state control capitalism, or does capitalism control the state Answer by referring to at least two authors - Essay Example Introduction There are several definitions about the government forms of capitalism; however, many scholars have narrowed the definitions into two distinct perceptions. Firstly, capitalism can be described as a form of an economic system where the government controls all the means of production and the trade industry. In such a situation the government tends to use all the possible production means to exploit the citizens at the interest of the state.1 Russia is one of the major countries practicing this kind of capitalism where all projects are initiated by the government, financed by the state and the revenues collected are contained by the state.2 The second distinction entails a condition where the government controls private capital firms such that, the operations are defined and controlled by some acts or policies enacted by the government. However, the level of control in private firms would now greatly depend on the extent of the government involvement. ... An evidenced by countries such as the United States where the government control on private firms has resulted in an economic crisis that can be backdated all the way back to the early 60s, it can be seen that even if the general control of the private firms is left in the hand of the owners, the government will always find a way of establishing control by using various tools such as the sneaking in of policies aimed at imposing regulations that will allow them to effect more control. In the essence of war, the government always ensures the all the necessary elemental bodies concerned with the provision of war materials are prepared in time. In addition to this, most governments step in to control farmers produce and food production industries with an aim of sustainining its’ citizen during the warfare; this is a clear indication of how the government engagement in capitalism ends up in its controlling the economy. Several questions have been raised as to whether the governmen t maintains good roles pertaining to capitalism. However, several results indicate competition is controlled so as to create capitalism and this is different from the other forms of capitalism. Capitalism is never simply engaged in the collection of revenue, but the state officials would exercises extreme exploitation of the workers which, is very contrary to the interest of the society.3 General state control on capitalism Despite the fact that individual ownership of private organizations has been in existence for quite sometimes now, most governments participate actively in the regulation of the operation and control of vital industries such as the ones concerned with the production of food and exports amongst others. Most economists point out that the state can become a very

The Automobile Industry in the Early 1900s Essay

The Automobile Industry in the Early 1900s - Essay Example Nonetheless, the automobile continues its role of an everyday necessity in developing countries and in the third world. As the Economist states the current situation: The car industry makes nearly 60 million cars and trucks every year and employs millions of people around the world. Products are responsible for almost half the world’s oil consumption and their manufacture uses up nearly half the world’s annual output of glass and rubber and 15% of steel. The car industry is the epitome of mass production, mass marketing and mass consumption involving some of the strongest brands in the world. However, in America, Europe and Japan, where over 80% of the world’s cars and trucks are sold, the industry has been running out of growth (The Economist, 2004). Despite the fact that the earlier inventions of the automobile were done in Europe, the city of Detroit in the United States played an important role in the evolution of the automobile industry. Since as early as the 1920’s Detroit has been called â€Å"The Motor City† in acknowledgement of the historical milestones and current achievements it has had in this regard. Although Henry Ford is well known for greatly adapting the assembly line to change how the car was made, the concept was invented by Oldsmobile pioneer Ransome Olds. Ford took that basic concept and improved on it by adding a conveyor belt, and with it, efficiency and mass production took place. At the turn of the century, cars were being invented and produced in a very small-scale manner, many of which took place in backyards of homes mostly in Europe and in US states such as Michigan. In 2000, Wibbeling and Heng describe the period thus: The beginning of the automobile industry was characterized by craft production. The organizations were extremely decentralized and many of the skilled craftsmen were their own bosses, service as independent contractors within a plant. This mode of

Leigh steel Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leigh steel - Case Study Example Standard costing assumes that profitability is linear and increase in production volumes should increase profitability. This costing method only gets the difference of the selling price and the total expenses. There is an assumption that the overheads are attributable to products forms the main bases of this model. ABC focuses on the cost of the activities that are involved in production of a product while in ToC costs are associated to the limiting factors that affect the optimization of profits. ToC takes into consideration that all limiting factors can be redefined further. ToC is concerned with the time-value for money. It restricts costs to limitations of value of each constraint. These constraints identification is the most crucial part of this theory. The fact is emphasized by the fact the fifth stage of is a continuation of refinement of the constraints. It is important that in further refinement the existing constraints do not become new constraints. If the previous constraints is considered then the cost may attract double cost. Edward states â€Å"Throughput was defined as quantity of money† as profit are maximized by â€Å"maximizing throughput per unit†. Assignment of cost in ABC is made by assigning cost to the various activities, this model assumes that only the activities of production contributes to the cost of the product. This assumptions does not take into consideration the cost of decision making in the company. Decision making on when to produce a product and the product mix based on the volume or expected demand is a key part of ToC. Lehigh’s decision-making is put into consideration when using ToC in evaluating the cost of inventory valuation. Standard Costing takes into consideration only the pounds weight of the product to calculate its cost. There is no consideration on the cost of decision-making. Is there a cost incurred due to demand. Standard Costing at Lehigh,

Consensual Relationship Agreements Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consensual Relationship Agreements - Case Study Example This discussion stresses that there might be emails, instant messages, phone chats etc. while two people are in a workplace relationship. These things will affect the performance of the employees. Still, these might be controlled if the boss makes it clear that these things will not be appreciated in workplace but then again, there might be rebellious behavior from them. The worst nightmare, however, can be when these people breakup and end their relationship on a bad note. This might affect their performance to great extremes. For example, if one is superior in rank than the other he/she might become biased, judgmental and the other might be discriminated against. Bad words might be exchanged and gossips about them might start which will eventually affect their work. There is also a chance that sometimes on e party might claim that he/she was pressured to be in the relationship. This can bring extreme results which will immediately affect company’s rapport and performance. From this paper it is clear that in such circumstances, the company cannot just tell the employees that there will be no workplace relationships as this will cause rebellion which might bring aggressive responses and attitudes from employees which is even worse. Moreover, more people will do it just to show their adventurous and thrilling side. Also, this can cause frustration among employees. In order to avoid all of the above, an approach might be taken which is called Consensual Relationship Agreements (CRA) which is a written contract signed by two people who are involved in a romantic relationship in an organization. In such a contract, both the parties agree to certain things that mainly cover that both of them are involved in the relationship willingly, with their full consent and are not under any pressure.

Write a proposal up to 4,000 words in length to start a business of Assignment

Write a proposal up to 4,000 words in length to start a business of your choice - Assignment Example The business will be located along the busy Oxford Street on the western end of London city. The location has been found to be favorable for the business because it is very busy and is frequented by visitors including tourists drawn from all over the world. London city has also been found to be the best for this type of business because it is one of the fastest growing cities in the U.K., and presently has a population of over 8 million people according to the latest population census. The number is also projected to grow in the near future thereby favoring a coffee industry. The premises where the business is to be located has been acquired by owners through a ten-year lease but with the possibility of extension. The analysis of the location established that the business major competitor is found half a mile way. However, the owners intend to provide quality prepared products, services, and fair prices in order to build customer loyalty and compete favorably in the industry. London Coffee will strive to establish a peculiar and comfortable place where its customers can freely meet and socialize as they enjoy the best-prepared coffee in London. The environment will be established in a manner that promotes relaxation by ensuring that the rooms are well equipped with soft music plays at the background, as well as rooms fitted with television where customers can watch their preferred programs as they socialize. In addition, the restaurant through its teams of experts will ensure that customers receive the best customer experience and products of high quality. The owners also understand that the key to better performance lies on satisfaction level of its employees and other stakeholders. In this regard, London Coffee intends to invest significant part of its profits in areas that improves satisfaction of its workers. London Coffee also intends to ensure that the environment is adequately protected and concerned through its

Letter To The Manager Essay Example for Free

Letter To The Manager Essay Greetings! I am so pleased and overwhelmed that I was given this particular opportunity to present you with a proposal that I think is highly beneficial not only to the progress of the students that are to enter the institution but would also impact the reputation and competency of the school in catering to the needs of its students. Every child or student in this case, who is under a development period needs a careful attention with regards their physical growth as well. Besides that, it could also be noted that athletics department intend to offer programs that are likely to have an impact on the development of the children or the students towards a more active physical and mental performance. I am really hoping that somehow, you would spare sometime in considering examining the presentation that I have prepared herein, thus be able to consider the development of and the application of the suggestions presented in the actual institutional operations. Again, thank you so much for sparing some of your time. LIST OF TABLES: Proposed Pattern of funding the department   and Paying for the Service of the personnel †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Personnel Roles and Responsibilities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proposal Page 1 ADDING AN ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT IN A NEW EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Introduction It is undeniable that sports facilities are always treated as primary sections in any educational institutions today. This is primary because of the need of assisting students in developing their physical stamina as a part of their growth towards maturity. Studies even prove that it is not only the physical strength that is being developed through this procedure. Moreover, it could be noted that psychologists have found out that the ability of a child to think is actually empowered when their physical bodies are exercised well as part of stress relief from the mind towards the body that eases their minds to think better. Too much lecture and no exercise can actually make the brain less productive. This is the reason why educational institutions are investing well for the development of athletic departments that are expected to help their students become better academic performers. Also , with having an athletic department as part of their school, it has been made aware that this has increased competency in handling the educational needs of their students. This is the reason why I think that the establishment of an athletic department would best support the needs and the goals of this school in both the mental and the physical abilities of the students that the school is preparing themselves to cater to. Further discussion of the matter and how it particularly applies to the system of education that the institution prefers to offer shall be presented within the paragraphs that follow. Significance of the Proposal As noted earlier, physical development is a vital part of one’s growth. In establishing an athletic department within a school, it is aimed that the students receive the best service that they ought to have from all the programs offered from the educational organization. With the improvement on the process by which the students are able to relax, and learn their lessons well, the school can then gather a good reputation from their parents and staff, which would likely be passed on through word of mouth. The institution would likely have a higher number of parents trusting them for the education of their children. It is very important that the physical health of the students is given high level of attention as well as their academic achievements are given well training through the process. Through the major application of the program that the department of athletics would imply within the annual academic schedule of the institution, it is expected that the treatment of the matter would be balanced by giving more of a benefit to the development of the students of whom the organization caters to.   Proposal Page 2 How the Department is to be Established Like any other departments in educational intuitions, an athletic department needs to have a lead officer that would be in charge of setting annual schedules for the group as well as for the entire academic department. Aside from the head officers, it is important to have assistants, who are likely to assist in the process of pursuing athletic lessons, as well as athletic events that are usually handled annually as recreational break for the students of the school every now and then. But who are actually qualified to take responsibility for the said positions? Proposed Pattern of funding the department and Paying for the Service of the personnel ACTIVITIES PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TIME-LENGTH APPLICATION PAYMENT SYSTEM PAYMENT RATE Lecture and school activities Teacher or instructor for the subject (Preferably bachelors-masters degree of educational attainment) Whole year (scheduled lessons etc) Every 15th of the Month As per decided by the school administration and board of trustees Forming of Athletic Clubs for Aspiring Students Teacher/Officials (same educational attainment as above) Whole School Year [depending on the required training schedules for the selected athletes] Every 15th of the Month As per decided by the school administration and board of trustees Offering Scholarship Program for aspiring student-athletes Administrational Officials (Masters Degree of Education) Whole Year then Renewal of Terms Every 15th of the Month As per decided by the school administration and board of trustees Note: employees are to be compensated every 15th of the month for this department as the said individuals are not required to attend school everyday. There are certain schedules when they are needed thus making their job easier than that of the other employees of the institution. The rate are then decided upon by the administration depending on the hours that they spend within the premises of the school and participate on the operations of the institution. Proposal Page 3 Who are to Work within the Department Undoubtedly, an athletic department is expected to be divided into different measures of separation that would likely focus on the different aims of the department. These different sections are actually expected to handle the separation of the lecture and lesson sections of the department with that of the special events section that are used to access the athletic aims of the department. Particularly, it is understandable that the matter requires professionals who are masters of physical education instruction for the highest positions and other positions such as assistants of the program could actually be taken by other fresh graduates from college who are screened and considered competent enough to handle the responsibilities that are intended for the said job positions. Personnel Roles and Responsibilities POSITION Job Description Impact of the position within the Department and the Institution’s Success Teacher/instructor These personnel are expected to handle lecture and student regular activities offered through the institution’s curriculum. This increases the competency of the organization in handling physical health instructional responsibilities of the administration towards the community it serves. Coach Handles athletic events and motivation to the chosen athletes of the institution for competition purposes This increases the chances of the institution in making a name in the field of scholastic athletics in the community. Scholarship Assessor Examines whether who among the students are worthy to receive scholarship grants from the administration. Makes the institution more of a pillar of education that gives chances to worthy students through honing the talents and skills that they posses with regards sporting events and competitions. Administrational Head Handles the major scheduling issues of the department and gives careful arrangement for the completion of the department’s responsibilities Makes the department much organized and the institution better informed of the activities of the department. Assistantship Positions Supports the other officials of the department Makes the task much easier to complete    Proposal Page 4 Conclusion From the proposal presented, it is highly suggested that the department be carefully planned as to who shall be appointed for its important positions as it would particularly detect the competency of the entire group. Thus through this process, the surety of the department’s success is likely to be expected. Undeniably though, the cooperation of the entire institution’s body of administration is highly needed for the success of the said department. Consequently, with support from everyone in the organization, an Athletic Department could not only bring fine assistance and physical training for the students but also bring the institution a fine reputation of high excellence within the society that they are serving as a primary school. Works Cited: Richard J Dippel. (2002). An investigation of athletic department handbooks Richfield Senior High School Athletic Department. B0006R7USW. Jennifer Foley. (2000). Design and implementation of an athletic department handbook for the Red Lake Falls school district. B0006S5LMS. Wayne Mazzoni. (1998). The Athletic Recruiting Scholarship Guide. Mazz Marketing Inc; 1 edition.